Sunday, February 23, 2020

Performance Management Master Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Performance Management Master - Essay Example The performance of an individual should be assessed after a regular interval so that the desired behavior could be maintained. This will also help the organization to satisfy the needs and the aspirations of the individual by providing him more facilities, improved working conditions and career advancement. We differ in our abilities as judges, largely because of differences in rules of judgement. No only do we judge one another but we are sensitive to the fact that others are always judging us (Ahuja, 2005, p.120). We are aware that our acceptability to others can be strongly affected by our ability to sense correctly what others think of us. The fundamental human experience of appraisal action feed - back, and reappraisal also conditions the behavior of individuals within the organization. In simple words, performance management is a systematic evaluation of the individual with respect to his performance on the job and his potential for development. Performance management is concerned with determining the differences of performance among the employees working in the organization. One important benefit of the Performance evaluation system is that it helps top management to make further judgements about the executives who judge others. The top management can get a sense from the various performance appraisals, about the various departments of the organization and also the need of executive development in the years to come. Performance management helps the supervisors to evaluate the performance and to know the potentials of their subordinates systematically and periodically. (Yvonne, 1999, p.124) Following are the benefits of performance management: (a) It helps in the correct placement of workers. (b) Performance management helps in guiding and correcting employees. (c) It helps the employees to know where they stand and consequently they try to improve their performance. (d) The performance management helps to find out the ability of the personnel. This will stimulate them to better their performance in a bid to improve their rating over others. (e) Performance management helps in designing the training programme in better way. (f) The performance management if done scientifically and systematically will prevent grievances and develop a sense of confidence

Friday, February 7, 2020

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease - Essay Example It is quite unfortunate that over the past three decades the research has not shown much progress, it has focused only on the pathogenic roles of cigarette smoke, inflammation, protease and antiprotease balance. Research has also established an association of COPD with cigarette smoking; and patients with emphysema are known to suffer from a gene deficiency in an inhibitor of a neutrophils protease (Stang et al, 2000). The theory of cigarette-inflammation-protease has done a lot in the field of COPD epidemiology and pathology but is not able to reduce the pervasiveness and morbidity caused by COPD. It is therefore imperative to impose an urgent necessity for research in this area. The research is directed to sustain novel concepts and innovative experimental approaches and techniques pertinently suitable to COPD research. The research is also directed to explicate the cellular pathways involved in COPD pathogenesis. This is a step helpful in clinical trials of potential therapeutics. Explanation of these pathways is the step to develop a capability of pharmaceutical industry to design the mechanism specific drugs. (http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/meetings/workshops/copd_wksp.htm) The anonymity of COPD pathogenesis: COPD encompasses emphysema and chronic obstructive bronchitis, both these conditions relentlessly limits airflow that is not significantly reversed by bronchodilators. COPD progressively turn down the pulmonary functions with a rapid pace as compared to that in normal aging. Stimulating factors known to induce changes in animal lungs are cigarette smoke, pancreatic elastase, bacterial lipopolysaccharides, cadmium, chloramine-T, oxidants, silica, and rigorous malnourishment (Shapiro, 2000). It is established that many apparently dissimilar pathways are capable of causing emphysema or bronchitis,